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Single Crystal Germanium Wafer / Ingot

Description

Single Crystal Germanium Wafer/Ingot or monocrystalline germanium is silver grey color appearance, melting point 937°C, density 5.33 g/cm3. A crystalline germanium is brittle and has little plasticity at room temperature. High purity germanium is obtained by zone floating and doped with indium and gallium or antimony to gain n-type or p-type conductivity, which has high electron mobility and high hole mobility, and can be electrically heated for anti-fogging or anti-icing applications. Single Crystal Germanium is grown by Vertical Gradient Freeze VGF technology to ensure it chemical stability, corrosion resistance, good transmittance, very high refractive index and high degree of lattice perfection.

Applications

Single Crystal Germanium finds promising and wide applications, in which electronic grade is used for diodes and transistors, Infrared or optical grade germanium blank or window is for IR optical window or disks, optical components used in night vision and thermographic imaging solutions for security, remote temperature measurement, fire fighting and industrial monitoring equipment, lightly doped P and N type Germanium wafer can be also used for Hall effect experiment. Cell grade is for substrates used in III-V triple-junction solar cells and for power Concentrated PV systems of solar cell etc. 

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Details

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Technical Specification

Single Crystal Germanium

h-5

Single Crystal Germanium Wafer or Ingot  with n-type, p-type and un-doped conductivity and orientation <100> at Western Minmetals (SC) Corporation can be delivered in size of 2, 3, 4 and 6 inch diameter (50mm, 75mm, 100mm and 150mm) with surface finish of etched or polished in package of foam box or cassette for wafer and in sealed plastic bag for ingot with carton box outside, polycrystalline germanium ingot is also available upon request, or as customized specification to achieve the perfect solution.

Symbol Ge
Atomic Number 32
Atomic Weight 72.63
Element Category Metalloid
Group, Period, Block 14, 4, P
Crystal structure Diamond
Color Grayish white
Melting Point 937°C, 1211.40K
Boiling Point 2833°C, 3106K
Density at 300K 5.323 g/cm3
Intrinsic resistivity 46 Ω-cm
CAS Number 7440-56-4
EC Number 231-164-3
No. Items Standard Specification
1 Germanium Wafer  2" 3" 4" 6"
2 Diameter mm 50.8±0.3 76.2±0.3 100±0.5 150±0.5
3 Growth Method VGF or CZ VGF or CZ VGF or CZ VGF or CZ
4 Conductivity P-type / doped (Ga or In), N-type/ doped Sb, Un-doped
5 Orientation (100)±0.5° (100)±0.5° (100)±0.5° (100)±0.5°
6 Thickness μm 145, 175, (500-1000)
7 Resistivity Ω-cm 0.001-50 0.001-50 0.001-50 0.001-50
8 Mobility cm2/V.s >200 >200 >200 >200
9 TTV μm max 5, 8, 10 5, 8, 10 5, 8, 10 5, 8, 10
10 Bow μm max 15 15 15 15
11 Warp μm max 15 15 15 15
12 Dislocation cm-2 max 300 300 300 300
13 EPD cm-2 <4000 <4000 <4000 <4000
14 Particle Counts a/wafer max 10 (at ≥0.5μm) 10 (at ≥0.5μm) 10 (at ≥0.5μm) 10 (at ≥0.5μm)
15 Surface Finish P/E, P/P or as required
16 Packing Single wafer container or cassette inside, carton box outside
No. Items Standard Specification
1 Germanium Ingot   2" 3" 4" 6"
2 Type P-type / doped (Ga, In), N-type/ doped (As, Sb), Un-doped
3 Resistivity Ω-cm 0.1-50 0.1-50 0.1-50 0.1-50
4 Carrier Lifetime μs 80-600 80-600 80-600 80-600
5 Ingot Length mm 140-300 140-300 140-300 140-300
6 Packing Sealed in plastic bag or foam box inside, carton box outside
7 Remark Polycrystalline germanium ingot is available upon request

Ge-W1

PK-17 (2)

Single Crystal Germanium finds promising and wide applications, in which electronic grade is used for diodes and transistors, Infrared or optical grade germanium blank or window is for IR optical window or disks, optical components used in night vision and thermographic imaging solutions for security, remote temperature measurement, fire fighting and industrial monitoring equipment, lightly doped P and N type Germanium wafer can be also used for Hall effect experiment. Cell grade is for substrates used in III-V triple-junction solar cells and for power Concentrated PV systems of solar cell etc.

Ge-W2

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Procurement Tips

  • Sample Available Upon Request 
  • Safety Delivery of Goods By Courier/Air/Sea
  • COA/COC Quality Management
  • Secure & Convenient Packing
  • UN Standard Packing Available Upon Request
  • ISO9001:2015 Certified    
  • CPT/CIP/FOB/CFR Terms By Incoterms 2010
  • Flexible Payment Terms T/T D/P L/C Acceptable
  • Full Dimensional After-Sale Services
  • Quality Inspection By Sate-of-the-art Facility
  • Rohs/REACH Regulations Approval
  • Non-Disclosure Agreements NDA
  • Non-Conflict Mineral Policy
  • Regular Environmental Management Review
  • Social Responsibility Fulfillment

Single Crystal Germanium


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